40 results
The Spielberger trait anxiety inventory measures more than anxiety
- Hervé Caci, Franck J. Baylé, Christelle Dossios, Philippe Robert, Patrice Boyer
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 18 / Issue 8 / December 2003
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, pp. 394-400
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Objective
Researchers tried to explain the overlap between anxiety and depression by suggesting that some items of self-administered questionnaires were badly selected and that both constructs should rather be considered as multidimensional. Thus, we hypothesise that the Spielberger trait anxiety inventory (TAI) includes items related to depression.
MethodA non-clinical sample of 193 subjects filled out the TAI and the Hospitalised Anxiety–Depression Scale. Factors were postulated on the basis of item content and submitted to confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
ResultsWe found five factors: a 10-item anxiety factor containing three factors, a four-item unsuccessfulness factor correlated with the HADS anhedonia factor, and a six-item happiness factor.
ConclusionThe TAI scale encompasses measures of anxiety, depression and well-being. Consequently, the overlap with other measures of depression may result from item selection. This work awaits replication in independent normal and pathological samples.
Evaluation of the supervisory system in elderly subjects with and without disinhibition
- E Gokalsing, P.H. Robert, V Lafont, I Medecin, C Baudu, P Boyer, D Pringuey, G Darcourt
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 15 / Issue 7 / November 2000
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- 16 April 2020, pp. 407-415
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Disinhibition and irritability, defined as loss of behavioral and emotional control, are frequent in the elderly. The working hypothesis for this study was that these disorders are associated with a cognitive alteration of control processes that manifests as non-routine behavior because of the dysfunction of a general executive component known as the supervisory attentional system (SAS).
MethodsA total of 28 elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment were recruited and divided into two groups using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Fourteen subjects were allocated to the disinhibited group and 14 subjects matched for age, sex and educational level formed a disinhibition-free control group. The neuropsychological battery included the following tests: Mini Mental Score Evaluation, Boston Naming test, Token test, Trail Making and Verbal Fluency. Two tasks were specifically designed to stress the SAS: 1) A specific verbal sentence arrangement task in which subjects had to use sequential reasoning with verbal material. Each test sequence consisted of a series of words shown in jumbled order. The construction of some sequences had to be done by using familiar routine associations (valid conditions). In contrast, other sequences required the overriding selection of familiar routine associations, which were inappropriate within the general context of the task (invalid conditions). 2) Using the Continuous Performance Test, four aspects were evaluated: sustained, selective, preparation and suppressive attention.
ResultsThe only group differences in neuropsychological test results were the following: 1) the sentence arrangement task. In comparison with the control group, the disinhibited group was impaired in invalid conditions and the calculated difference between the number of correct responses in invalid conditions minus that in valid conditions was significantly higher; and 2) the CPT. Disinhibited subjects had a significantly lower number of hits, exclusively in the ‘suppressive attention’ paradigm.
These results suggest that subjects with disinhibition have impaired supervisory system function.
Novelty seekers and impulsive subjects are low in morningness
- Hervé Caci, Philippe Robert, Patrice Boyer
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 19 / Issue 2 / April 2004
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- 16 April 2020, pp. 79-84
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The bipolar dimension of morningness–eveningness refers to the preferred times of day for achieving various activities (i.e. the phase of the circadian clock). It is validated from a biological point of view, associated with at least one gene and heritable through an epistatic mechanism. It has been used as a proxy to study the relationships between the circadian system, personality and psychopathology: there is a correlation between the evening orientation and depression, extraversion and, probably, impulsivity. Furthermore, there is a possible relationship with temperament in children as theorized by Thomas and Chess. In this paper, we expanded on the hypothesis that impulsive subjects are low in morningness by performing a factor analysis of the Composite Scale of Morningness, Cloninger’s temperament and character inventory, and Spielberger’s trait anxiety inventory in a sample of 129 males. The results can probably be extended to women. Morningness is negatively correlated with novelty seeking (which includes an impulsivity facet), positively correlated with persistence, and independent of character dimensions and trait anxiety. Future research may focus in the involvement of the circadian system in these personality dimensions and facets, and the benefits of adding chronotherapic manipulations in the treatment of the personality disorders.
Proposed diagnostic criteria for apathy in Alzheimer’s disease and other neuropsychiatric disorders
- P. Robert, C.U. Onyike, A.F.G. Leentjens, K. Dujardin, P. Aalten, S. Starkstein, F.R.J. Verhey, J. Yessavage, J.P. Clement, D. Drapier, F. Bayle, M. Benoit, P. Boyer, P.M. Lorca, F. Thibaut, S. Gauthier, G. Grossberg, B. Vellas, J. Byrne
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 24 / Issue 2 / March 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, pp. 98-104
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There is wide acknowledgement that apathy is an important behavioural syndrome in Alzheimer’s disease and in various neuropsychiatric disorders. In light of recent research and the renewed interest in the correlates and impacts of apathy, and in its treatments, it is important to develop criteria for apathy that will be widely accepted, have clear operational steps, and that will be easily applied in practice and research settings. Meeting these needs is the focus of the task force work reported here.
The task force includes members of the Association Française de Psychiatrie Biologique, the European Psychiatric Association, the European Alzheimer’s Disease Consortium and experts from Europe, Australia and North America. An advanced draft was discussed at the consensus meeting (during the EPA conference in April 7th 2008) and a final agreement reached concerning operational definitions and hierarchy of the criteria.
Apathy is defined as a disorder of motivation that persists over time and should meet the following requirements. Firstly, the core feature of apathy, diminished motivation, must be present for at least four weeks; secondly two of the three dimensions of apathy (reduced goal-directed behaviour, goal-directed cognitive activity, and emotions) must also be present; thirdly there should be identifiable functional impairments attributable to the apathy. Finally, exclusion criteria are specified to exclude symptoms and states that mimic apathy.
EFFECTS OF RECENT CORN AND ENERGY PRICES ON IRRIGATION INVESTMENT IN THE HUMID CLIMATE OF TENNESSEE
- CHRISTOPHER N. BOYER, JAMES A. LARSON, ROLAND K. ROBERTS, M. ANGELA McCLURE, DONALD D. TYLER, S. AARON SMITH
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- Journal:
- Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics / Volume 47 / Issue 1 / February 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 February 2015, pp. 105-122
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Little is known about the impact of corn and energy prices on the profitability of irrigating corn in Tennessee. We evaluated the probability of a positive net present value (NPV) for center-pivot irrigation in Tennessee corn production. Three corn price series were employed to evaluate the effects of the shift in corn prices on the feasibility of irrigation. The recent rise in corn prices increased the probability of NPV being positive for irrigation investment. Future corn prices will need to remain high for investment in center-pivot irrigation to remain profitable under Tennessee growing conditions.
Stochastic Corn Yield Response Functions to Nitrogen for Cornafter Corn, Corn after Cotton, and Corn after Soybeans
- Christopher N. Boyer, James A. Larson, Roland K. Roberts, Angela T. McClure, Donald D. Tyler, Vivian Zhou
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- Journal:
- Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics / Volume 45 / Issue 4 / November 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 January 2015, pp. 669-681
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Deterministic and stochastic yield response plateau functions were estimatedto determine the expected profit-maximizing nitrogen rates, yields, and netreturns for corn grown after corn, cotton, and soybeans. The stochasticresponse functions were more appropriate than their deterministiccounterparts, and the linear response stochastic plateau described the datathe best. The profit-maximizing nitrogen rates were similar for corn aftercorn, cotton, and soybeans, but relative to corn after corn, the expectedcorn yield plateaus increased by 12% and 16% after cotton and soybeans,respectively. Expected net returns increased for corn after cotton andsoybeans relative to corn after corn.
Contribution to the understanding of the cycle of the protozoan parasite Marteilia refringens
- I. ARZUL, B. CHOLLET, S. BOYER, D. BONNET, J. GAILLARD, Y. BALDI, M. ROBERT, J. P. JOLY, C. GARCIA, M. BOUCHOUCHA
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- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 141 / Issue 2 / February 2014
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- 11 October 2013, pp. 227-240
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The paramyxean parasite Marteilia refringens infects several bivalve species including European flat oysters Ostrea edulis and Mediterranean mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. Sequence polymorphism allowed definition of three parasite types ‘M’, ‘O’ and ‘C’ preferably detected in oysters, mussels and cockles respectively. Transmission of the infection from infected bivalves to copepods Paracartia grani could be experimentally achieved but assays from copepods to bivalves failed. In order to contribute to the elucidation of the M. refringens life cycle, the dynamics of the infection was investigated in O. edulis, M. galloprovincialis and zooplankton over one year in Diana lagoon, Corsica (France). Flat oysters appeared non-infected while mussels were infected part of the year, showing highest prevalence in summertime. The parasite was detected by PCR in zooplankton particularly after the peak of prevalence in mussels. Several zooplanktonic groups including copepods, Cladocera, Appendicularia, Chaetognatha and Polychaeta appeared PCR positive. However, only the copepod species Paracartia latisetosa showed positive signal by in situ hybridization. Small parasite cells were observed in gonadal tissues of female copepods demonstrating for the first time that a copepod species other than P. grani can be infected with M. refringens. Molecular characterization of the parasite infecting mussels and zooplankton allowed the distinguishing of three Marteilia types in the lagoon.
Contributors
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- By Benjamin Acloque, Yacine Daddi Addoun, Kofi Anyidoho, Felicitas Becker, Alice Bellagamba, Klara Boyer-Rossol, Alessandra Brivio, Benjamin Claude Brower, Francesca Declich, E. S. D. Fomin, Paolo Gaibazzi, Trevor Getz, Sandra E. Greene, Bruce S. Hall, Bayo Holsey, Hilary Jones, Martin A. Klein, George Michael La Rue, Ghislaine Lydon, Kristin Mann, Elisabeth McMahon, Ismael M. Montana, Bruce L. Mouser, Olatunji Ojo, Richard Roberts, Marie Rodet, Ute Röschenthaler, Benedetta Rossi, Dana Rush, Mohammed Bashir Salau, Ahmadou Sehou, Silke Strickrodt, Hideaki Suzuki, Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Pierluigi Valsecchi
- Edited by Alice Bellagamba, Sandra E. Greene, Cornell University, New York, Martin A. Klein, University of Toronto
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- African Voices on Slavery and the Slave Trade
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- 05 April 2013
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- 13 May 2013, pp xi-xvi
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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9 - The Rise of CEO Pay and the Contemporary Social Structure of Accumulation in the United States
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- By Robert Boyer, CEPREMAP (Centre pour la Recherche Economique et ses Applications), France
- Edited by Terrence McDonough, National University of Ireland, Galway, Michael Reich, University of California, Berkeley, David M. Kotz, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
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- Contemporary Capitalism and its Crises
- Published online:
- 05 June 2012
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- 11 January 2010, pp 215-238
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Summary
Introduction
Social structure of accumulation (SSA) theory has contributed to our understanding of contemporary capitalist economies by pointing out the basic social relations and economic mechanisms that were at the origin of the post-World War II golden age (Bowles, Gordon, and Weisskopf 1983) and then detecting the emerging crisis of this regime: the previous mechanisms were unable to overcome the nonreproductive cycle during the 1970s. The first wave of this research showed the key role of the transformation of work and capital/labor relations in the emergence of the post-World War II SSA (Gordon, Edwards, and Reich 1982). A second wave investigated the impact of conservative strategies upon the overcoming of this structural crisis and the absence of a clear alternative to the previous SSA regime (Gordon, Weisskopf, and Bowles 1989). This is a clear contribution to a political economy of contemporary capitalism (Kotz, McDonough, and Reich 1994).
Regulation theory has followed a parallel strategy. First, it coined the concept of a Fordist accumulation regime as an explanation of the high and stable growth observed not only in the United States but in France as well after World War II (Aglietta 1982; Boyer, and Saillard 2002). Second, it argued that this regime, built upon an unprecedented capital/labor compromise, entered a structural crisis in the early 1970s (Boyer and Juillard 2002) and since then, collective actors have struggled in order to redefine the basic institutional forms according to their interests.
Contributors
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- By Kateri Berasi, Carol A. Boyer, Diane R. Brown, Robyn Lewis Brown, Tony N. Brown, Padraic J. Burns, Cleopatra Howard Caldwell, Daniel L. Carlson, Cheryl Corcoran, Manuela Costa, Stephen Crystal, Gary S. Cuddeback, William W. Eaton, Adrianne Frech, Virginia Aldigé Hiday, Stevan E. Hobfoll, Allan V. Horwitz, Robert J. Johnson, Verna M. Keith, Ronald C. Kessler, Corey L. M. Keyes, Jacinta P. Leavell, Harriet P. Lefley, Mary Clare Lennon, Laura Limonic, Bruce G. Link, Athena McLean, David Mechanic, Elizabeth G. Menaghan, Barret Michalec, John Mirowsky, Shirin Montazer, Joseph P. Morrissey, Carles Muntaner, Bernice A. Pescosolido, Christopher Peterson, Jo C. Phelan, Michael Polgar, Sarah Rosenfield, Catherine E. Ross, Ebony Sandusky, Jaime C. Sapag, Teresa L. Scheid, Mark F. Schmitz, Sharon Schwartz, Dena Smith, David T. Takeuchi, Peggy A. Thoits, R. Jay Turner, Edwina S. Uehara, Jerome C. Wakefield, James Walkup, Emily Walton, Blair Wheaton, David R. Williams, Kristi Williams
- Edited by Teresa L. Scheid, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Tony N. Brown, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health
- Published online:
- 05 June 2012
- Print publication:
- 16 November 2009, pp xi-xiv
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Historiens et économistes face à l ‘émergence des institutions du marché
- Robert Boyer
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- Journal:
- Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales / Volume 64 / Issue 3 / June 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 May 2017, pp. 663-693
- Print publication:
- June 2009
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Les outils de la theorie des jeux permettent-ils d’ouvrir un nouveau programme de recherche en histoire economique en montrant comment les institutions du marche ont emerge des strategies rationnelles des marchands eux-meme ? L’ouvrage d’Avner Greif constitue a ce jour le plaidoyer le plus meticuleux, mais aussi le plus ambitieux, en faveur d’une telle approche. Il allie en effet des recherches proprement historiques avec un usage virtuose de toute une serie de jeux repetes. L’auteur s’adresse plus a ses collegues theoriciens economistes qu’aux historiens, car il postule, meme s’il ne cesse de s’en defendre, que les marchands du Xe au XIVe siecle ont les cartes cognitives comportant les notions d’actualisation, de calcul des probabilite, d’equilibre parfait d’un jeu et bien d’autres notions encore plus sophistiquees. Le rapport aux archives se distend et l’auteur ne s’inquiete pas des contre-exemples qu’il fournit lui-meme et qui soulignent la fragilite d’une superbe construction intellectuelle sur des bases documentaires lacunaires. De ce fait, la narration analytique vient enrichir la boite a outils de l’historien sans constituer pour autant la revolution attendue par A. Greif.
10 - Wastewater and Watershed Influences on Primary Productivity and Oxygen Dynamics in the Lower Hudson River Estuary
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- By Robert W. Howarth, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Roxanne Marino, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Dennis P. Swaney, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Elizabeth W. Boyer, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California
- Edited by Jeffrey S. Levinton, State University of New York, Stony Brook, John R. Waldman
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- Book:
- The Hudson River Estuary
- Published online:
- 06 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 09 January 2006, pp 121-139
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Summary
abstract Primary productivity in the saline Hudson River estuary is strongly regulated by water residence times in the estuary. Nutrient loads and concentrations are very high, and when residence times are more than two days, production is extremely high. When water residence times are less than two days, production rates are low to moderate. Residence times are controlled both by freshwater discharge into the estuary and by tidal mixing, so residence times are longest and production is highest during neap tides when freshwater discharge is low. Freshwater discharge was generally high in the 1970s, which kept primary production low. In contrast, freshwater discharge rates were lower in the 1990s, and the estuary became hypereutrophic.
Nutrient loading per area of estuary to the saline portion of the Hudson is probably the highest for any major estuary in North America. As of the 1990s, approximately 58 percent of the nitrogen and 81 percent of the phosphorus came from wastewater effluent and other urban discharges in the New York City metropolitan area. Some 42 percent of the nitrogen and 19 percent of the phosphorus came from upriver tributary sources. For nitrogen, these tributary inputs are dominated by nonpoint sources, with atmospheric deposition from fossil fuel combustion and agricultural sources contributing equally. Human activity has probably increased nitrogen loading to the Hudson estuary twelve-fold and phosphorus loading fifty-fold or more since European settlement. Nitrogen and phosphorus loadings to the estuary have decreased somewhat since 1970 due to universal secondary treatment of dry-weather wastewater effluents and a ban on phosphates in detergents.
Invited Paper D Industry perspective regarding outcomes research in oncology
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- By Kati Copley-Merriman, M.S., M.B.A., Senior Director/Site Leader Pfizer Inc., Joseph Jackson, Ph.D., Group Director Bristol-Myers Squibb, J. Gregory Boyer, Ph.D., Assistant Executive Director Pharmacia Corp, Joseph C. Cappelleri, Ph.D., Director, Biostatistics Pfizer Inc., Robert DeMarinis, Ph.D., Assistant Vice President Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Joseph DiCesare, M.P.H., R.Ph., Executive Director Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp., M. Haim Erder, Ph.D., Director Amgen Inc., Jean Paul Gagnon, Ph.D., Director Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Lou Garrison, Ph.D., Vice President and Head F. Hoffman-La Roche AG, Kathleen Gondek, Ph.D., Director Bayer Corp., Kim A. Heithoff, Ph.D., Director Schering-Plough Pharmaceuticals, Tom Hughes, Ph.D., Director Eli Lilly and Company, David Miller, Ph.D., Vice President GlaxoSmithKline, Margaret Rothman, Ph.D., Executive Director Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Services, LLC, Nancy Santanello, M.D., M.S., Executive Director Merck Research Laboratories, Richard Willke, Ph.D., Senior Director/Group Leader Pharmacia Corp, Bruce Wong, M.D., Vice President Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Edited by Joseph Lipscomb, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, Carolyn C. Gotay, Claire Snyder, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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- Book:
- Outcomes Assessment in Cancer
- Published online:
- 18 December 2009
- Print publication:
- 23 December 2004, pp 623-638
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Summary
Introduction
The goal of treatment for many persons with cancer is not cure but improvement or maintenance of functioning and well-being during their remaining period of life. This is particularly true for patients with advanced or metastatic cancers. Trials to produce evidence of effectiveness or for regulatory approval may include patient assessments of benefit as well as classical clinical endpoints used in oncology settings. These patient assessments of treatment benefit may or may not be related to the traditional measures of treatment success such as survival, tumor shrinkage, or time to tumor progression. For this reason, additional outcome measures to estimate benefit or risk/benefit trade-offs have been developed. Outcomes measures in this category of health assessment are referred to as patient-reported outcomes (PROs) because they are used to collect data directly from the patient.
It is increasingly recognized that the patient's perspective is unique and represents a valuable contribution to drug evaluation and treatment processes. This is particularly important when studying the effects of treatments on cancer symptoms such as pain and fatigue, outcomes not accurately measured by observers. Recent changes in the health care system have greatly empowered patients who are now considered partners rather than passive consumers. To maximize their contribution, they need to be informed about the outcomes associated with treatment. Patients are not always concerned with the same questions as treating physicians or clinical researchers.
Los sujetos que buscan la novedad y los sujetos impulsivos puntúan bajo en matutinidad
- H. Caci, P. Robert, P. Boyer
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry (Ed.Española) / Volume 11 / Issue 5 / June 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 May 2020, pp. 297-302
- Print publication:
- June 2004
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La dimensión bipolar de matutinidad-vespertinidad se refiere a los momentos preferidos del día para llevar a cabo diversas actividades (es decir, la fase del reloj circadiano). Está validada desde un punto de vista biológico, se asocia al menos con un gen y es heredable por medio de un mecanismo epistásico. Se ha utilizado como variable próxima para estudiar las relaciones entre el sistema circadiano, la per-sonalidad y las manifestaciones psicopatológicas: hay una correlación entre la orientación vespertina y la depresión, la extraversión y, pro-bablemente, la impulsividad. Además, hay una posible relación con el temperamento en nifios, segiin teorizaron Thomas y Chess. En este artículo, desarrollamos la hipótesis de que los sujetos impulsivos puntúan bajo en matutinidad realizando un análisis factorial de la Esca- la Compuesta de Matutinidad, el Inventario del Temperamento y el Carácter de Cloninger y el Inventario de Ansiedad como Rasgo de Spielberger en una muestra de 129 varones. Probablemente, los resultados se pueden extender a mujeres. La matutinidad correlaciona negativamente con la búsqueda de novedad (que incluye una faceta de impulsividad), correlaciona positivamente con la persistencia y es independiente de las dimensiones de carácter y la ansiedad como rasgo. La investigación futura puede centrarse en la participación del sistema circadiano en estas dimensiones y facetas de la personalidad, y los beneficios de afiadir manipulaciones cronoterapéuticas en el tratamiento de los trastornos de la personalidad.
El Inventario de Ansiedad como Rasgo de Spielberger mide más que la ansiedad
- Hervé Caci, Franck J. Baylé, Christelle Dossios, Philippe Robert, Patrice Boyer
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry (Ed.Española) / Volume 11 / Issue 2 / March 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 May 2020, pp. 94-101
- Print publication:
- March 2004
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Objetivo.
Los investigadores intentaron explicar el solapamiento entre la ansiedad y la depresión proponiendo que algunos elementos de los cuestionarios autoadministrados estaban mal seleccionados y que ambos constructos se deben considerar más bien como muldimensionales. Así, planteamos la hipótesis de que el Inventario de Ansiedad como Rasgo (TAI) de Spielberger incluye elementos relacionados con la depresión.
Método.Una muestra no clínica de 193 sujetos rellenó el TAI y la Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión. Se postularon factores a partir del contenido de los elementos y se sometieron a análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC).
Resultados.Encontramos cinco factores: un factor de ansiedad de 10 elementos que contenía tres factores; un factor de falta de éxi-to que contenía cuatro elementos correlacionado con el factor de anhedonia de la HADS, y un factor de felicidad de seis elementos.
Conclusión.El TAI incluye medidas de ansiedad, depresión y bienestar. Por consiguiente, el solapamiento con otras medidas de depresión puede derivar de la selección de los elementos. Este trabajo aguarda replicación en muestras normales y patológicas independientes.
Neurodevelopmental outcome for extended cold water drowning: A longitudinal case study
- SUSANNAH KURY HUGHES, DAVID E. NILSSON, RICHARD S. BOYER, ROBERT G. BOLTE, ROBERT O. HOFFMAN, JEFFERY D. LEWINE, ERIN D. BIGLER
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 8 / Issue 4 / May 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 May 2002, pp. 588-595
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There is little longitudinal data examining outcome of pediatric near-drowning. Most literature tracks status 5 years or less post insult, focusing primarily on gross neurologic status as opposed to more subtle neurocognitive deficits. The present case tracks the neuropsychological profile of a child who was submerged for 66 min, the longest time documented. Acute medical support was aggressive, and recovery was dramatic, being featured in multiple media reports. Although an article published 6 years after the near-drowning described the child as “recovering completely,” the longitudinal profile indicates a pronounced pattern of broad cognitive difficulties, particularly notable for global memory impairment. Neuropsychological test results were significant despite the fact that the patient's recent MRI and MEG were within normal limits. This case demonstrates the need for long-term neuropsychological follow-up of pediatric patients with histories of neurologic injury, as gross neurological examination and MRI and MEG scans may not reveal underlying brain dysfunction. (JINS, 2002, 8, 588–595.)
Evaluación del sistema supervisor en sujetos ancianos cony sin desinhibición
- E. Gokalsing, P. H. Robert, V. Lafont, I. Medecin, C. Baudu, P. Boyer, D. Pringuey, G. Darcourt
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry (Ed.Española) / Volume 8 / Issue 1 / February 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 May 2020, pp. 27-37
- Print publication:
- February 2001
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La desinhibición y la irritabilidad, definidas como la pérdida de control del comportamiento y la emotión, son frecuentes en los ancianos. La hipótesis de trabajo para este estudio era que estos trastornos se asocian con una alteratión cognitiva de los procesos de control que se manifiesta como un comportamiento no habitual a causa de la disfunción de un componente ejecutivo general conocido como Sistema Atentivo Supervisor (SAS). Métodos. Se seleccionó un total de 28 sujetos ancianos con deterioro cognitivo leve y se los dividió en dos grupos utilizando el Inventario Neuropsiquiátrico. Catorce sujetos se asignaron al grupo desinhibido y 14 sujetos emparejados en cuanto a la edad, el sexo y el nivel educativo formaron un grupo de control sin desinhibición. La batería neuropsicológica incluía las pruebas siguientes: Mini Examen del Estado Mental, el Test de Nombres de Boston, el Test de Fichas, el Test de Trazado y la prueba de fluidez verbal. Se diseñaron específicamente dos tareas para someter a un esfuerzo al SAS: 1) Una tarea verbal específica de ordenación de oraciones en la que los sujetos tenían que utilizar razona-miento secuencial con material verbal. Cada secuencia de prueba consístia en una serie de palabras que se mostraban en orden alterado. La construcción de algunas secuencias se tenía que hacer utilizando asociaciones habituales familiares (condiciones válidas). Por contraste, otras secuencias requerían hacer caso omiso de la selección de tales asociaciones, que eran inapropiadas dentro del contexto general de la tarea (condiciones inválidas). 2) Utilizando el test de ejecución continua, se evaluaron cuatro aspectós: atención sostenida, atención selectiva, preparatión de la atención y atención supresiva. Resultados. Las únicas dife-rencias de grupo en los resultados de las pruebas neuropsicológicas fueron las siguientes: 1) La tarea de ordenación de oraciones. En comparación con el grupo de control, el grupo desinhibido mostraba deficiencia en las condiciones inválidas y la diferencia calculada entre el número de respuestas correctas en las condiciones inválidas menos el número correspondiente en las condiciones válidas era significativamente más alto, y 2) el test de ejecución continua. Los sujetos desinhibidos tenían un número significativamente más bajo de éxitos, exclusivamente en el paradigma de “atención supresiva”. Estos resultados indican que la función del sistema supervisor de los sujetos con desinhibición está deteriorada.
Chapter 2 - The Variety and Unequal Performance of Really Existing Markets: Farewell to Doctor Pangloss?
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- By Robert Boyer, Senior Researcher in Economics at CEPREMAP
- Edited by J. Rogers Hollingsworth, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Robert Boyer, CRTEST-CEPREMAP, Paris
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- Book:
- Contemporary Capitalism
- Published online:
- 05 June 2012
- Print publication:
- 28 March 1997, pp 55-93
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Summary
A RETURN TO FREE MARKET CONCEPTIONS: WHY?
The conceptions about the self-regulating mechanisms associated with markets have undergone the equivalent of a long wave. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, a majority of economists were critical of the institutional impediments to the free functioning of markets. Only a minority argued that it was in the very nature of free markets to trigger large instabilities and/or stagnation (Weir and Skocpol, 1985). After World War II, the Keynesian heterodoxy became the core of significant revolution concerning the respective roles that the state and market should play in the long run social and economic reproduction of capitalism: Adequate public regulation and fine tuning of monetary and fiscal policies could promote quasifull employment, along a steady growth path. Basically market mechanisms had to be tamed by a series of legislation, regulation, and collective agreements, as well as built-in stabilizers in the tax system and/or in the reaction functions of central banks. As Joan Robinson recurrently pointed out, markets were efficient for allocating scarce resources between alternative goals via the formation of relative prices. But one major drawback resulted from the fact that pure market mechanisms were generally unable to provide full employment and macroeconomic stability. In fact during the fifties and sixties this view was widely shared by almost all governments, including the most conservative ones. Did not Richard Nixon declare, “Now we are all Keynesians”?
Index
- Edited by J. Rogers Hollingsworth, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Robert Boyer, CRTEST-CEPREMAP, Paris
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- Book:
- Contemporary Capitalism
- Published online:
- 05 June 2012
- Print publication:
- 28 March 1997, pp 485-493
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